Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are important guidelines mentioned in the Indian Constitution. These principles aim to create social and economic justice in the country. They guide the government to work for the welfare of the people and build a better society.
The concept of DPSP is inspired by the Irish Constitution.
Constitutional Provision
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DPSP are mentioned in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
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They cover Article 36 to Article 51.
“DPSP are non-justiciable — this means they cannot be enforced by the courts, but they are fundamental in the governance of the country.”
Objective of DPSP
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Establish social and economic democracy.
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Ensure justice, equality, and welfare for all citizens.
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Create a welfare state — not just a political democracy but a social and economic democracy.
Classification of Directive Principles
DPSP can be divided into 3 major categories:
1. Socialist Principles
Aim: Ensure social and economic justice.
Examples:
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Right to equal pay for equal work (Article 39).
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Distribution of wealth to avoid concentration in few hands (Article 39).
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Protection of workers’ rights (Article 43).
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Free legal aid to poor people (Article 39A).
2. Gandhian Principles
Aim: Reflect the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.
Examples:
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Promote cottage industries (Article 43).
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Organize village panchayats (Article 40).
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Prohibit consumption of liquor and harmful drugs (Article 47).
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Promote animal husbandry and protect cows (Article 48).
3. Liberal-Intellectual Principles
Aim: Establish international peace, culture, and environment protection.
Examples:
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Provide free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years (Article 45).
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Protect environment and wildlife (Article 48A).
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Promotion of international peace and security (Article 51).
Importance of DPSP
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DPSP act as a moral guide for the government.
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They promote welfare policies like free education, health care, and employment.
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Encourage the government to reduce inequality in society.
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Guide in making laws for the betterment of people.
Relationship between Fundamental Rights and DPSP
| Fundamental Rights | Directive Principles |
|---|---|
| Legally enforceable | Not legally enforceable |
| Provide civil and political rights | Provide social and economic rights |
| Negative in nature — prevent state from doing wrong | Positive in nature — guide the state to do welfare work |
Implementation of DPSP in India
Many laws and policies have been made based on DPSP:
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MGNREGA Scheme — Employment Guarantee
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Right to Education Act — Free Education
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Mid-Day Meal Scheme — Child Nutrition
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National Health Mission — Healthcare for All
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Pollution Control Laws — Environment Protection
Conclusion
Directive Principles of State Policy are the soul of the Indian Constitution. Though they are not enforceable by law, they are essential for building a just and humane society. It is the duty of both the government and citizens to respect and implement these principles for the development of the nation.
“DPSP show us the path to achieve the true goal of democracy — Justice, Equality, and Welfare for All.”